Java
Java is a high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems and now stewarded by Oracle. The Java Standard Edition (SE) platform provides a comprehensive set of APIs and class libraries for building cross-platform applications. Key APIs include Collections, Concurrency, I/O, NIO, Networking, JDBC, Reflection, and Streams. Java is the foundation for the Jakarta EE enterprise platform and is supported by an extensive ecosystem of open source projects, frameworks, and runtimes.
APIs
Java Core API
Core Java SE API including fundamental classes and utilities for building Java applications, including the java.lang, java.util, java.io, and other foundational packages.
Java Collections Framework
Interfaces and classes for storing and manipulating groups of objects including List, Set, Map, and Queue implementations.
Java I/O API
Input and output through data streams, serialization and the file system using the java.io package.
Java NIO API
Non-blocking I/O operations for buffers, channels, selectors, and asynchronous file system access.
Java Networking API
APIs for networking applications including HTTP, sockets, and URLs.
Java Concurrency API
Utilities for concurrent programming including executors, thread pools, locks, atomic variables, and concurrent collections.
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
API for connecting to relational databases and executing SQL queries from Java applications.
Java Reflection API
Examine and modify the runtime behavior of applications by inspecting classes, methods, fields, and annotations.
Java Stream API
Functional-style operations on streams of elements including map, filter, reduce, and collect operations.